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	Download the Data PDF Excel File Text File Minitab File	Data Set #040
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	About the Data About stream temperatures and canopy:     Stream temperature is an important ecological variable for a variety of riverine organisms. Some salmon and trout, for example, are very sensitive to water temperature at certain life stages, particularly as fertilized eggs and fry. In the Pacific Northwest, salmonids require rather cold water during the developmental stage to maximize survivability. Water temperature affects the amount of dissolved oxygen and the microorganisms upon which the fry and fingerlings feed, among others.     Stream temperature is controlled by a large number of factors, including (but not limited to) the temperature of rainfall, the amount of runoff and/or groundwater originating from melting snow and ice, the elevation of the drainage basin above sea level, the time of year, the water depth, how fast the water is moving and the amount of direct sunlight on the stream. This latter variable is dictated by the density and completeness of the canopy over the stream. Recognizing the role of direct sunlight in warming streams, Washington State's new logging regulations require more extensive streamside buffers of vegetation.     The Center for Urban Water Resources Management (CUWRM) and the Center for Streamside Studies (CSS) at the University of Washington in Seattle collected a large amount of data about lowland and foothills streams in 1998 and 1999, including discharge, water temperature, vegetation, etc. The UW collects this data in just a few days, in order to provide a "snapshot" of the streams without the effects of season, weather, etc. We have extracted a subset of the 1999 data.     The table and histograms show stream temperatures under a closed canopy of vegetation and in open sky with no shielding vegetation. The student should recognize immediately that widely different size of the two samples (n = 178 and n = 67) might introduce problems in comparing the distribution of values. As can be seen from the histograms and the student's computations, the means for these two groups are different, with colder water in the shaded streams. However, the standard deviations of both distributions are fairly large compared to this difference in mean temperatures. Is this difference in mean temperatures significant?     The student should be asked if these data are sufficient to test the idea that canopy plays a significant role in keeping the stream cool. For example, what was the amount of shading upstream from the measurement? Reference: http://depts.washington.edu/cuwrm/research.htm
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	View the Data  Source: Center for Urban Water Resources Management (CUWRM) & the Center for Streamside Studies (CSS) at the University of Washington in Seattle. Stream H20 Temp (C) Canopy     Thornton 22.8 Closed, full shade bin freq. Longfellow 15.6 Closed, full shade 9-10 1 Longfellow 16.1 Closed, full shade 10-11 1 Des Moines 17.5 Closed, full shade 11-12 1 Garrison 15.0 Closed, full shade 12-13 10 Garrison 14.8 Closed, full shade 13-14 16 Soos 20.5 Closed, full shade 14-15 36 Soos trib 0095 16.0 Closed, full shade 15-16 29 Soos 21.0 Closed, full shade 16-17 26 Coal 15.5 Closed, full shade 17-18 23 Sunset 15.5 Closed, full shade 18-19 11 Richards 14.9 Closed, full shade 19-20 5 Richards 15.1 Closed, full shade 20-21 6 Richards 16.2 Closed, full shade 21-22 5 Sunset 11.9 Closed, full shade 22-23 2 Valley 17.0 Closed, full shade 23-24 1 Bear 18.0 Closed, full shade 24-25 3 Stave 15.0 Closed, full shade 25-26 1 Forbes 17.0 Closed, full shade 26-27 0 Juanita 17.0 Closed, full shade 27-28 1 Juanita 17.5 Closed, full shade     Newaukum 15.0 Closed, full shade     Newaukum 13.0 Closed, full shade     Newaukum 15.0 Closed, full shade     Morey 24.0 Closed, full shade     Morey 21.0 Closed, full shade     Spanaway 24.0 Closed, full shade     Morey 24.5 Closed, full shade     Clover 20.0 Closed, full shade     Clover 17.0 Closed, full shade     Clover 20.0 Closed, full shade     Swan 14.0 Closed, full shade     Swan 14.5 Closed, full shade     Swan 15.0 Closed, full shade     Flett 15.0 Closed, full shade     Flett 15.8 Closed, full shade     Chambers 19.3 Closed, full shade     Chambers 15.7 Closed, full shade     Chambers 16.8 Closed, full shade     Leach 13.0 Closed, full shade     Puget 12.5 Closed, full shade     Puget 12.5 Closed, full shade     Puget 12.0 Closed, full shade     Puget 12.0 Closed, full shade     Wollochet 16.5 Closed, full shade     Crescent 14.4 Closed, full shade     Donkey 15.6 Closed, full shade     Crescent 14.4 Closed, full shade     Crescent 17.2 Closed, full shade     Deer 17.0 Closed, full shade     Deer 17.0 Closed, full shade     Deer 27.0 Closed, full shade     Wildwood 14.0 Closed, full shade     Wildwood 17.0 Closed, full shade     Deer 17.0 Closed, full shade     Wildwood 15.0 Closed, full shade     Deer 17.0 Closed, full shade     Clarks 9.5 Closed, full shade     W. Hylebos 15.0 Closed, full shade     W. Hylebos 12.0 Closed, full shade     Hylebos 14.0 Closed, full shade     Little Soos 19.5 Closed, full shade     Jenkins 17.0 Closed, full shade     Jenkins trib 0088 13.5 Closed, full shade     Covington 23.0 Closed, full shade     Covington 16.0 Closed, full shade     Covington 16.0 Closed full shade     Covington trib 0084 21.5 Closed, full shade     Murray 15.0 Closed, full shade     Murray 14.8 Closed, full shade     Murray 13.0 Closed, full shade     Murray 16.0 Closed, full shade     Quilceda 16.0 Closed, full shade     Quilceda 15.0 Closed, full shade     Thomas 14.0 Closed, full shade     Pigeon #1 15.0 Closed, full shade     Pigeon #2 13.6 Closed, full shade     Howarth 16.1 Closed, full shade     Inglewood 12.7 Closed, full shade     North 16.5 Closed, full shade     North 18.5 Closed, full shade     North 17.0 Closed, full shade     North 18.0 Closed, full shade     North 17.0 Closed, full shade     North 16.5 Closed, full shade     Silver 18.3 Closed, full shade     Tambark 18.9 Closed, full shade     Silver 18.9 Closed, full shade     Silver 22.2 Closed, full shade     Little Bear 13.0 Closed, full shade     Little Bear 14.5 Closed, full shade     LIttle Bear 14.0 Closed, full shade     Scriber 21.0 Closed, full shade     Lyon 17.0 Closed, full shade     McAleer 16.5 Closed, full shade     Dubuque 18.0 Closed, full shade     Woods 13.5 Closed, full shade     Woods trib 14.0 Closed, full shade     Bear trib 0134A 17.5 Closed, full shade     Vaughn 16.9 Closed, full shade     Rocky 20.0 Closed, full shade     Rocky 14.5 Closed, full shade     Chico 25.0 Closed, full shade     Beaver 13.5 Closed, full shade     Beaver 15.0 Closed, full shade     Salmonberry 14.0 Closed, full shade     Salmonberry 19.5 Closed, full shade     Salmonberry 14.5 Closed, full shade     Salmonberry 16.5 Closed, full shade     Beaver 13.5 Closed, full shade     Gorst 12.0 Closed, full shade     Gorst 12.0 Closed, full shade     Gorst 14.0 Closed, full shade     Gorst 12.5 Closed, full shade     Chico 15.0 Closed, full shade     Chico 16.0 Closed, full shade     Chico 18.0 Closed, full shade     Purdy 14.9 Closed, full shade     Olalla 13.0 Closed, full shade     Olalla 14.0 Closed, full shade     Olalla 14.0 Closed, full shade     Olalla 14.0 Closed, full shade     Olalla 14.0 Closed, full shade     Barker 13.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 14.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 14.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 14.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 16.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 13.3 Closed, full shade     Clear 14.5 Closed, full shade     Clear 15.0 Closed, full shade     Clear 17.5 Closed, full shade     Clear 14.0 Closed, full shade     Fisher 15.0 Closed, full shade     Fisher 16.0 Closed, full shade     Judd 14.5 Closed, full shade     Judd 14.5 Closed, full shade     Judd 15.0 Closed, full shade     Judd 14.5 Closed, full shade     Shingle Mill 12.0 Closed, full shade     Morgan 14.0 Closed, full shade     Kapowsin trib 13.0 Closed, full shade     Kapowsin 20.0 Closed, full shade     Kapowsin 21.0 Closed, full shade     Kapowsin 20.0 Closed, full shade     Fennel 14.4 Closed, full shade     Fennel trib 18.9 Closed, full shade     Little Bear 13.0 Closed, full shade     Big Anderson 10.5 Closed, full shade     Big Beef 14.0 Closed, full shade     Schmitz 14.2 Closed, full shade     Schmitz 14.2 Closed, full shade     Taylor 16.7 Closed, full shade     Taylor 16.1 Closed, full shade     Taylor 16.1 Closed, full shade     Taylor 16.1 Closed, full shade     Mill 15.5 Closed, full shade     Rock 13.0 Closed, full shade     Rock 13.0 Closed, full shade     E. Issaquah 15.0 Closed, full shade     Holder 17.0 Closed, full shade     Evans 16.0 Closed, full shade     Bear trib 0115 17.0 Closed, stream in full shade     Bear trib 0115 16.5 Closed, stream in full shade     Bear 18.0 Closed, stream in full shade     Little Soos 19.0 Closed, full shade     Jenkins trib 0089 15.0 Closed, full shade     Covington 17.0 Closed, full shade     Rock 18.5 Closed, full shade     Covington 14.0 Closed, full shade     Laughing Jacobs 16.0 Closed, full shade     Cherry 17.8 Closed, full shade     N. Fork Cherry 19.4 Closed, full shade     Cherry 17.4 Closed, full shade     Griffin 16.0 Closed, full shade     Canyon 15.0 Closed, full shade     Patterson 15.0 Closed, full shade     Patterson trib 0383 15.0 Closed, full shade               mean temp 16.02       std dev 2.83       Stream H20 Temp (C) Canopy     Thornton 17.8 Open, full sun bin freq. Thornton 23.3 Open, full sun 9-10 0 Longfellow 14.4 Open, full sun 10-11 0 Longfellow 14.7 Open, full sun 11-12 3 Miller 18.0 Open, full sun 12-13 0 Miller 18.0 Open, full sun 13-14 7 Des Moines 18.0 Open, full sun 14-15 6 Mc Donald 18.0 Open, full sun 15-16 9 Mc Donald 18.5 Open, full sun 16-17 6 Springbrook 27.5 Open, full sun 17-18 7 Coal 23.0 Open, full sun 18-19 10 Coal 23.0 Open, full sun 19-20 2 South Prairie 17.5 Open, full sun 20-21 4 Newaukum 14.0 Open, full sun 21-22 2 Newaukum 13.0 Open, full sun 22-23 3 Spanaway 24.0 Open, full sun 23-24 4 Clover 26.5 Open, full sun 24-25 2 Clover 17.0 Open, full sun 25-26 0 Chambers 15.0 Open, full sun 26-27 1 Chambers 15.9 Open, full sun 27-28 1 Puget 13.0 Open, full sun     Artondale 16.0 Open, full sun     Artondale 14.4 Open, full sun     Artondale 15.6 Open, full sun     McCormick 14.4 Open, full sun     Deer 21.0 Open, full sun     Deer 21.5 Open, full sun     Clarks 13.0 Open, full sun     Clarks 13.0 Open, full sun     Hylebos 15.0 Open, full sun     West Hylebos 16.0 Open, full sun     W. Hylebos 17.0 Open, full sun     Hylebos 17.0 Open, full sun     Little Soos 20.0 Open, full sun     Newaukum 16.5 Open, full sun     Murray 14.0 Open, full sun     Allen 15.0 Open, full sun     North trib 22.0 Open, full sun     Silver 20.0 Open, full sun     Little Bear 22.5 Open, full sun     LIttle Bear 23.0 Open, full sun     Little Bear 16.0 Open, full sun     LIttle Bear 16.0 Open, full sun     Swamp 19.0 Open, full sun     Swamp 18.5 Open, full sun     Lyon 17.0 Open, full sun     Lyon 18.0 Open, full sun     Sister of Friar 15.0 Open, stream in full sun     Lake Roesiger 24.5 Open, full sun     Vaughn 15.6 Open, full sun     Rocky 15.0 Open, full sun     E Rocky (Muck) 18.0 Open, full sun     Square 11.7 Open, full sun     Kapowsin trib 13.0 Open, full sun     Little Bear 13.0 Open, full sun     Rock 11.5 Open, full sun     Prairie 20.0 Open, full sun     Prairie 20.8 Open, full sun     Bear 18.0 full sun     Bear 19.0 Open, full sun     Soos 17.8 Open, full sun     Lakota 0387 13.0 Open, full sun     Covington 16.5 Open, full sun     Pine Lake 15.5 Open, full sun     Griffin trib 11.0 Open, full sun     Harris 18.5 Open, stream in full sun     Harris 22.0 Open, full sun               mean temp 17.48       st dev 3.70
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