(* Content-type: application/mathematica *) (*** Wolfram Notebook File ***) (* http://www.wolfram.com/nb *) (* CreatedBy='Mathematica 6.0' *) (*CacheID: 234*) (* Internal cache information: NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookDataPosition[ 145, 7] NotebookDataLength[ 70928, 2039] NotebookOptionsPosition[ 64113, 1839] NotebookOutlinePosition[ 65294, 1878] CellTagsIndexPosition[ 65251, 1875] WindowFrame->Normal ContainsDynamic->False*) (* Beginning of Notebook Content *) Notebook[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Quick Guide to the SCCC package (version 1.5)", FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontSize->18]], "Text", CellFrame->0.5, CellFrameColor->RGBColor[0, 0, 1], CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141388903325*^9, 3.401413927892625*^9}, { 3.40149982228125*^9, 3.4014998234375*^9}, {3.401502500875*^9, 3.401502509015625*^9}, {3.430684427546232*^9, 3.4306844289992366`*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontSize->10, Background->GrayLevel[0.85]], Cell[TextData[{ "The SCCC package is a collecton of custom commands and options that have \ been developed to support the educational use of ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " at Seattle Central Community College. The package was developed by the \ Seattle Central Math Department with the assistance of Eric Schulz of Walla \ Walla Community College. This guide explains and illustrates the use of each \ command defined in the package. " }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149983653125*^9, 3.401500043859375*^9}, { 3.401502104859375*^9, 3.401502207875*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "To load the package start by entering: ", StyleBox["<"Courier New", FontSize->14, FontWeight->"Bold"], "(note the single back quote at the end can be found below the ESC key at \ the upper left of the keyboard).", StyleBox[" ", FontFamily->"Courier New", FontSize->14, FontWeight->"Bold"] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401499560859375*^9, 3.401499578265625*^9}, { 3.40149962746875*^9, 3.40149970753125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"<<", "sccc`"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141393765825*^9, 3.401413940173875*^9}, { 3.4306842372026954`*^9, 3.4306842376714067`*^9}, {3.4306855558191867`*^9, 3.4306855559754267`*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["2D Drawing Commands", FontSize->16]], "Section", CellFrame->0.5, CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414069111375*^9, 3.40141410490825*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", Background->RGBColor[0.93, 0.9, 0.8]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["EquationPlot --- Graphing implicit equations in two \ variables", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, { 3.401414018392625*^9, 3.40141403697075*^9}, {3.40141413684575*^9, 3.401414140111375*^9}, {3.4014969366875*^9, 3.401496981609375*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "The EquationPlot command is basically ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], "'s ContourPlot command with several useful options set as the default. The \ purpose of the command is to graph implicit equations in two variables.\nThe \ basic syntax is: ", StyleBox["EquationPlot[", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["equation", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[", {", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["x,xmin,xmax", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["}, {", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["y,ymin,ymax", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["}]", FontWeight->"Bold"] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414527892625*^9, 3.40141452903325*^9}, { 3.401414715392625*^9, 3.401414844142625*^9}, 3.401414875548875*^9}], Cell["Here are a few examples.", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414887705125*^9, 3.401414895752*^9}, { 3.401496414890625*^9, 3.40149642175*^9}}], Cell["Something familiar:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149642896875*^9, 3.4014964355*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"EquationPlot", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "^", "2"}], "+", RowBox[{"y", "^", "2"}]}], "\[Equal]", "9"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}], ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"y", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}], ",", "4"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414901861375*^9, 3.401414935798875*^9}}], Cell["And something more interesting:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141489897075*^9, 3.40141490015825*^9}, { 3.4014964406875*^9, 3.4014964543125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"EquationPlot", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RadicalBox[ SuperscriptBox["x", "2"], "3"], "+", RadicalBox[ SuperscriptBox["y", "2"], "3"]}], "\[Equal]", "4"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", RowBox[{"-", "10"}], ",", "10"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"y", ",", RowBox[{"-", "10"}], ",", "10"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414901861375*^9, 3.401414935798875*^9}, { 3.401496523921875*^9, 3.401496537453125*^9}, {3.4014966191875*^9, 3.401496799546875*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["DrawVector --- Graphing 2D vectors", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, { 3.401414018392625*^9, 3.40141403697075*^9}, {3.40141413684575*^9, 3.401414140111375*^9}, {3.4014970119375*^9, 3.401497027953125*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "The DrawVector command draws one or more 2D vectors. \[LineSeparator]The \ basic syntax is: ", StyleBox["DrawVector[{u,v,w}] ", FontWeight->"Bold"], "which draws the vectors u, v and w." }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141498528325*^9, 3.401415072673875*^9}, { 3.401496832171875*^9, 3.40149684603125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Vectors are all colored red by default. To assign different colors use the \ Color option\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401415152767625*^9, 3.401415178017625*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Black", ",", "Red", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.401415189361375*^9, 3.40141520178325*^9}, {3.40141527478325*^9, 3.40141529090825*^9}}], Cell["You can also attach a label to each vector:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401497051625*^9, 3.40149708809375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Black", ",", "Red", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"VectorLabel", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"\"\\"", ",", "\"\\"", ",", "\"\\""}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.401415189361375*^9, 3.40141520178325*^9}, {3.40141527478325*^9, 3.401415275892625*^9}}], Cell["\<\ To draw a vector from one point to another, list the two points in a separate \ list. The command below draws three vectors. The position vector for the \ point P, the position vector for the point Q and the vector PQ with tail at \ the point P(-2,-3) and head at the point Q(5,1).\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141531159575*^9, 3.40141533640825*^9}, { 3.401415527423875*^9, 3.40141557947075*^9}, {3.401497111796875*^9, 3.401497138421875*^9}, {3.401497249953125*^9, 3.401497345953125*^9}, { 3.401497483203125*^9, 3.40149753421875*^9}, {3.401498570375*^9, 3.401498570640625*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"P", "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}]}], "}"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Q", "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"5", ",", "1"}], "}"}]}], ";"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401415414627*^9, 3.40141544472075*^9}, { 3.401497349875*^9, 3.401497382515625*^9}, 3.4014974331875*^9}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"P", ",", "Q", ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"P", ",", "Q"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Red", ",", "Blue", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.4014153659395*^9, 3.40141540784575*^9}, {3.401415450673875*^9, 3.401415505517625*^9}, {3.4014971599375*^9, 3.401497213390625*^9}, { 3.40149732915625*^9, 3.401497459578125*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Standard ", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"], StyleBox["Mathematica", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[" commands for drawing points and lines in the coordinate plane", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"] }], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, { 3.401414018392625*^9, 3.40141403697075*^9}, {3.40141413684575*^9, 3.401414140111375*^9}, {3.401414217173875*^9, 3.401414222377*^9}, { 3.40149757853125*^9, 3.401497636125*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "The ", StyleBox["sccc", FontSlant->"Italic"], " package does not contain any special commands for drawing points and \ lines. We will rely on ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], "'s ListPlot and LineListPlot commands to draw points and lines. The \ following information is from the SCCC ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " Tutorial." }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141560109575*^9, 3.401415627517625*^9}, { 3.401497655453125*^9, 3.401497697140625*^9}, {3.401502402421875*^9, 3.40150242075*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "The ListPlot command will plot a list of points. \nThe basic syntax is: \ ", StyleBox["ListPlot[ {", FontWeight->"Bold"], Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["x", "1"], ",", SubscriptBox["y", "1"]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["x", "2"], ",", SubscriptBox["y", "2"]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"...", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["x", "1"], ",", SubscriptBox["y", "1"]}], "}"}]}]}], TraditionalForm]], FontWeight->"Bold"], "} ", StyleBox["]", FontWeight->"Bold"], " . 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", "->", " ", RowBox[{"PointSize", "[", "Large", "]"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.39506956353125*^9, 3.395069564875*^9}, { 3.3951536281165*^9, 3.395153713600875*^9}, {3.39515374577275*^9, 3.395153762804*^9}, {3.395153937850875*^9, 3.39515394689775*^9}, { 3.395153994569625*^9, 3.395154155069625*^9}, {3.395154254304*^9, 3.395154267382125*^9}, 3.397829907453125*^9, {3.397917247771125*^9, 3.397917275239875*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ " ", StyleBox["\[WarningSign] ", FontSize->16], "Caution : If you want to plot just one point, then you must use two sets \ of curly braces. So to plot the point ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", RowBox[{"3", ",", "4"}], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], " we enter ListPlot[ {{3,4}}] , not ListPlot[{3,4}] . " }], "Text", CellFrame->0.5, CellChangeTimes->{{3.3936943905508256`*^9, 3.393694402608163*^9}, { 3.3937038213026867`*^9, 3.3937038217032623`*^9}, {3.394293294308125*^9, 3.394293296401875*^9}, {3.394295727901875*^9, 3.39429572882375*^9}, 3.394297916651875*^9, {3.394412599901875*^9, 3.394412906026875*^9}, { 3.394413015964375*^9, 3.39441302232375*^9}, {3.3944131440425*^9, 3.39441334723*^9}, {3.39441348523*^9, 3.39441349748*^9}, {3.39441422273*^9, 3.394414228964375*^9}, {3.39447198419875*^9, 3.39447210163625*^9}, { 3.394473544214375*^9, 3.39447358294875*^9}, {3.394571422058125*^9, 3.39457143957375*^9}, {3.394737344671875*^9, 3.3947373696875*^9}, { 3.39636354909375*^9, 3.39636378615625*^9}, {3.396363820046875*^9, 3.396363929296875*^9}, {3.3963639611875*^9, 3.39636398296875*^9}, { 3.39636474290625*^9, 3.3963648065*^9}, {3.396365911015625*^9, 3.396365919953125*^9}, {3.39636640140625*^9, 3.396366405453125*^9}, 3.396377681421875*^9, 3.396464209421875*^9, {3.397682137015625*^9, 3.397682305546875*^9}, 3.397682357296875*^9, {3.39768240696875*^9, 3.39768249046875*^9}, {3.39782864590625*^9, 3.397828652140625*^9}, 3.397829159625*^9}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS"], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"ListPlot", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"3", ",", " ", "4"}], "}"}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.3976823125625*^9, 3.39768237103125*^9}, { 3.397682497890625*^9, 3.39768249965625*^9}, 3.397829129171875*^9, { 3.39782916359375*^9, 3.397829165890625*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Connecting the dots", FontWeight->"Bold", FontVariations->{"Underline"->True}], "\nTo join a list of points by line segments add the option ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"Joined", "\[Rule]", " ", "True"}], TraditionalForm]]] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.39782924165625*^9, 3.397829274015625*^9}, { 3.397829424515625*^9, 3.397829449625*^9}, 3.397829488828125*^9}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"ListPlot", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"-", "4"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",", " ", "1"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", " ", RowBox[{"-", "1.5"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", " ", "3"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", " ", "4"}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"5", ",", " ", "7"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", "\n", " ", RowBox[{"Joined", " ", "->", " ", "True"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.395148999007125*^9, 3.39514900589775*^9}, { 3.397829291609375*^9, 3.397829302171875*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Alternatively, you can use the ", StyleBox["ListLinePlot", FontWeight->"Bold"], " command which automatically connects the points that you give it. " }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.39782934828125*^9, 3.39782937828125*^9}, { 3.397829998421875*^9, 3.39783000409375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"ListLinePlot", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"-", "4"}]}], "}"}], ",", " ", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "1"}], ",", " ", "1"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.397829386328125*^9, 3.397829391484375*^9}, { 3.40149786565625*^9, 3.401497866375*^9}}] }, Closed]] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["3D Drawing Commands", FontSize->16]], "Section", CellFrame->0.5, CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414069111375*^9, 3.4014141204395*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", Background->RGBColor[0.93, 0.9, 0.8]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["EquationPlot3d --- Graphing implicit equations in \ three variables", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141415415825*^9, 3.401414158580125*^9}, { 3.401501069078125*^9, 3.401501080390625*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "The EquationPlot3D command is basically ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], "'s ContourPlot3D command with several useful options set as the default. \ The purpose of the command is to graph implicit equations in two variables.\n\ The basic syntax is: ", StyleBox["EquationPlot3D[", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["equation", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[", {", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["x,xmin,xmax", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["}, {", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["y,ymin,ymax", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["},{", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["z,zmin,zmax", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["}]", FontWeight->"Bold"] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401414527892625*^9, 3.40141452903325*^9}, { 3.401414715392625*^9, 3.401414844142625*^9}, 3.401414875548875*^9, { 3.40149793703125*^9, 3.401498001828125*^9}}], Cell["Here is the plot of several planes. ", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149642896875*^9, 3.4014964355*^9}, { 3.4014979583125*^9, 3.40149796040625*^9}, {3.40149803521875*^9, 3.40149806175*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"EquationPlot3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "\[Equal]", "0"}], ",", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "+", "y", "+", RowBox[{"2", "z"}]}], "==", "4"}], ",", RowBox[{"z", "==", RowBox[{"-", "3"}]}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"y", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"z", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401498065265625*^9, 3.401498143734375*^9}}], Cell["And here is a hyperboloid of one sheet:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149829125*^9, 3.401498306140625*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"EquationPlot3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"x", "^", "2"}], "+", RowBox[{"y", "^", "2"}], "-", RowBox[{"z", "^", "2"}]}], "\[Equal]", "4"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"x", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"y", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"z", ",", RowBox[{"-", "6"}], ",", "6"}], "}"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401498065265625*^9, 3.401498143734375*^9}, { 3.401498253734375*^9, 3.401498280796875*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["DrawVector3D --- Graphing 3D vectors", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, { 3.401414018392625*^9, 3.40141403697075*^9}, {3.401414163548875*^9, 3.401414169267625*^9}, {3.40150108353125*^9, 3.40150109159375*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell["\<\ All of the options and syntax conventions desribed for the DrawVector command \ apply exactly in the same way for the DrawVector3D command.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4014983395*^9, 3.401498391765625*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "The DrawVector3D command draws one or more 3D vectors. \[LineSeparator]The \ basic syntax is: ", StyleBox["DrawVector[{u,v,w}] ", FontWeight->"Bold"], "which draws the vectors u, v and w." }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141498528325*^9, 3.401415072673875*^9}, { 3.401496832171875*^9, 3.40149684603125*^9}, {3.4014984199375*^9, 3.401498424984375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector3D", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}], ",", "2"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.401498430453125*^9, 3.401498445625*^9}}], Cell["\<\ Vectors are all colored red by default. To assign different colors use the \ Color option\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401415152767625*^9, 3.401415178017625*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}], ",", "2"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Black", ",", "Red", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.401415189361375*^9, 3.40141520178325*^9}, {3.40141527478325*^9, 3.40141529090825*^9}, {3.401498472046875*^9, 3.401498477265625*^9}}], Cell["You can also attach a label to each vector:", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401497051625*^9, 3.40149708809375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "3"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", "1", ",", "0"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"1", ",", RowBox[{"-", "4"}], ",", "2"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Black", ",", "Red", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}], ",", RowBox[{"VectorLabel", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"\"\\"", ",", "\"\\"", ",", "\"\\""}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.401415189361375*^9, 3.40141520178325*^9}, {3.40141527478325*^9, 3.401415275892625*^9}, {3.401498496515625*^9, 3.401498502296875*^9}}], Cell["\<\ To draw a vector from one point to another, list the two points in a separate \ list. The command below draws three vectors. The position vector for the \ point P, the position vector for the point Q and the vector PQ with tail at \ the point P(-2,-3,4) and head at the point Q(5,4,-3).\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141531159575*^9, 3.40141533640825*^9}, { 3.401415527423875*^9, 3.40141557947075*^9}, {3.401497111796875*^9, 3.401497138421875*^9}, {3.401497249953125*^9, 3.401497345953125*^9}, { 3.401497483203125*^9, 3.40149753421875*^9}, {3.40149851903125*^9, 3.401498528984375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"P", "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"-", "2"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", "4"}], "}"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Q", "=", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"5", ",", "4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}]}], "}"}]}], ";"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401415414627*^9, 3.40141544472075*^9}, { 3.401497349875*^9, 3.401497382515625*^9}, 3.4014974331875*^9, { 3.401498532703125*^9, 3.40149854471875*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"DrawVector3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"P", ",", "Q", ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"P", ",", "Q"}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"Color", "\[Rule]", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"Red", ",", "Blue", ",", "Green"}], "}"}]}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40141507803325*^9, 3.401415139752*^9}, { 3.4014153659395*^9, 3.40141540784575*^9}, {3.401415450673875*^9, 3.401415505517625*^9}, {3.4014971599375*^9, 3.401497213390625*^9}, { 3.40149732915625*^9, 3.401497459578125*^9}, {3.40149855259375*^9, 3.401498553140625*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["System3D --- Adding coordinate planes to 3D pictures", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401414179392625*^9, 3.401414181752*^9}, { 3.401501115140625*^9, 3.401501128078125*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell["\<\ The System3D command draws three coordinate planes. This command is most \ useful when combined, using the Show command, with other graphics objects \ such as points, lines, vectors, curves and surfaces to provide visual \ context. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401500076015625*^9, 3.401500105953125*^9}, { 3.40150069021875*^9, 3.401500788390625*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The command System3D[5] will draw the three coordinate planes with axes \ extending from -5 to 5 in each direction. Note that the planes are \ transparent.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500126140625*^9, 3.401500220125*^9}, { 3.4015007956875*^9, 3.401500800125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"System3D", "[", "5", "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.399770207015559*^9, 3.399770209978105*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The command System3D[{3,4,5}] will draw the planes with axes extending from \ -3 to 3 , -4 to4 and -5 to 5 in the x, y and z directions respectively. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500126140625*^9, 3.401500220125*^9}, { 3.40150033840625*^9, 3.401500389890625*^9}, {3.401500420125*^9, 3.40150046696875*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"System3D", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"3", ",", "4", ",", "5"}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500395046875*^9, 3.401500408703125*^9}, { 3.40150044371875*^9, 3.401500471609375*^9}}], Cell["The option AxesTicks->True adds tickmarks along each axis.", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500292953125*^9, 3.40150030678125*^9}, { 3.401500427703125*^9, 3.401500436625*^9}, {3.401500823359375*^9, 3.4015008321875*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"System3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"3", ",", "4", ",", "5"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"AxesTicks", "\[Rule]", "True"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.399770207015559*^9, 3.399770209978105*^9}, { 3.399770241870397*^9, 3.399770255333247*^9}, {3.3997705415991507`*^9, 3.399770541925313*^9}, {3.3998414078616247`*^9, 3.399841412461425*^9}, 3.3998415174631243`*^9, {3.401500478421875*^9, 3.401500479765625*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The option PlaneGrids->True will draw grids on the coordinate planes. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4015005095*^9, 3.401500532734375*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"System3D", "[", RowBox[{"5", ",", RowBox[{"PlaneGrids", "\[Rule]", "True"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.399770207015559*^9, 3.399770209978105*^9}, { 3.399770241870397*^9, 3.399770255333247*^9}, {3.3997705415991507`*^9, 3.399770541925313*^9}, {3.3998414078616247`*^9, 3.399841412461425*^9}, { 3.3998415097984962`*^9, 3.399841533159321*^9}, 3.401500544609375*^9}], Cell["\<\ The option Solid->True can be used to remove the transparency.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40150019884375*^9, 3.401500249921875*^9}, { 3.401500282640625*^9, 3.40150028321875*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"System3D", "[", RowBox[{"5", ",", RowBox[{"Solid", "\[Rule]", "True"}], ",", RowBox[{"PlaneGrids", "\[Rule]", "True"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.399770207015559*^9, 3.399770209978105*^9}, { 3.399770241870397*^9, 3.399770245573118*^9}, {3.3997703954950933`*^9, 3.3997703982605143`*^9}, {3.399770459269784*^9, 3.399770477445394*^9}, 3.399770526903227*^9, {3.3998406652870502`*^9, 3.3998406767413063`*^9}, { 3.401500263625*^9, 3.40150026378125*^9}, {3.40150065784375*^9, 3.4015006755625*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Axes3D --- Adding coordinate axes to 3D pictures", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, { 3.401414018392625*^9, 3.401414043111375*^9}, {3.401414174330125*^9, 3.401414176377*^9}, {3.40150113034375*^9, 3.4015011394375*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell["\<\ The Axes3D command draws the three axes. This command is most useful when \ combined, using the Show command, with other graphics objects such as points, \ lines, vectors, curves and surfaces to provide visual context. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.4015008625*^9, 3.401500882359375*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The command Axes3D[5] will draw the three axes extending from -5 to 5 in each \ direction. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500126140625*^9, 3.401500220125*^9}, { 3.4015007956875*^9, 3.401500800125*^9}, {3.401500898296875*^9, 3.401500910953125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Axes3D", "[", "5", "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500914515625*^9, 3.401500938390625*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The command Axes3D[{3,4,5}] will draw the x, y and z axes extending from -3 \ to 3 , -4 to4 and -5 to 5 respectively. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401500958953125*^9, 3.401500995140625*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Axes3D", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"3", ",", "4", ",", "5"}], "}"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4015010054375*^9, 3.401501012765625*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Point3D --- Plotting a 3D point", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.40141419009575*^9, 3.401414191955125*^9}, { 3.40150114275*^9, 3.401501156375*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell["\<\ The Point3D command plots a point (or a list of points). This command would \ typically be combined in a Show command with other graphics objects such as \ System3D to show a point in context. \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401498700703125*^9, 3.401498837234375*^9}, { 3.401498883671875*^9, 3.4014989274375*^9}, 3.401502341015625*^9}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"a", "=", RowBox[{"Point3D", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"b", "=", RowBox[{"System3D", "[", "5", "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Show", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149883975*^9, 3.40149886384375*^9}, { 3.401498965265625*^9, 3.401498993921875*^9}, {3.401499083265625*^9, 3.401499084109375*^9}}], Cell["\<\ The option xyPlane-> True shows the projection of the point onto the xy-Plane\ \ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401498700703125*^9, 3.401498837234375*^9}, 3.401498935734375*^9, 3.401499030546875*^9}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"a", "=", RowBox[{"Point3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"xyPlane", "\[Rule]", "True"}]}], "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"b", "=", RowBox[{"System3D", "[", "5", "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Show", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149883975*^9, 3.40149886384375*^9}, { 3.401498965265625*^9, 3.401499014640625*^9}, 3.401499087984375*^9}], Cell["And the option xyAxes->True shows coordinate lines.", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.401499039859375*^9, 3.401499056203125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"a", "=", RowBox[{"Point3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"xyAxes", "\[Rule]", "True"}]}], "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"b", "=", RowBox[{"System3D", "[", "5", "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{"Show", "[", RowBox[{"a", ",", "b"}], "]"}]}], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.40149883975*^9, 3.40149886384375*^9}, { 3.401498965265625*^9, 3.401499014640625*^9}, {3.4014990666875*^9, 3.401499093375*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Line3D --- Plotting a 3D line", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401414195048875*^9, 3.40141419684575*^9}, { 3.401501158828125*^9, 3.4015011659375*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell["\<\ The Line3D command draws a line connecting two points. This command would \ typically be combined in a Show command with other graphics objects such as \ System3D to show a line in context. In the next input cell we have added a \ line connecting the two points {2, 3, 4} and {4, -3, -2}.\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{ 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401498700703125*^9, 3.401498837234375*^9}, { 3.401498883671875*^9, 3.4014989274375*^9}, {3.401499200828125*^9, 3.4014992013125*^9}, {3.401499257640625*^9, 3.401499274265625*^9}, { 3.4014993321875*^9, 3.40149941153125*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[{ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"a", "=", RowBox[{"Point3D", "[", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]}], "}"}]}], "}"}], "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"b", "=", RowBox[{"Line3D", "[", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"2", ",", "3", ",", "4"}], "}"}], ",", RowBox[{"{", RowBox[{"4", ",", RowBox[{"-", "3"}], ",", RowBox[{"-", "2"}]}], "}"}]}], "]"}]}], ";"}], "\[IndentingNewLine]", RowBox[{ RowBox[{"c", "=", RowBox[{"System3D", "[", "5", "]"}]}], ";"}], 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CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401414126627*^9, 3.401414130986375*^9}, { 3.40150117865625*^9, 3.4015012090625*^9}, {3.401501806828125*^9, 3.401501831984375*^9}, {3.401501900140625*^9, 3.40150190071875*^9}, { 3.430684315180582*^9, 3.430684330210582*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "The Lim command calculates one and two sided limits. \[LineSeparator]To \ calculate the two sided limit of an expression in ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox["x", TraditionalForm]]], " as ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox["x", TraditionalForm]]], " approaches ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox["a", TraditionalForm]]], " the syntax is: ", StyleBox["Lim[", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["expression", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[", ", FontWeight->"Bold"], Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", " ", "a"}], TraditionalForm]], FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["]\n", FontWeight->"Bold"], "To calculate a one sided limit add the option Right or Left:", StyleBox[" Lim[", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["expression", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[", ", FontWeight->"Bold"], Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", " ", "a"}], TraditionalForm]], FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox[", Right]", FontWeight->"Bold"] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4306852429485865`*^9, 3.4306854529195223`*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Example 1", FontSize->12, FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["\nFind the following limit using ", FontSize->12], StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSize->12, FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[": ", FontSize->12], Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ StyleBox[ RowBox[{" ", " "}]], RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["lim", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "0"}]], FractionBox[ RowBox[{"sin", "(", "x", ")"}], "x"]}]}], TraditionalForm]], FontSize->12] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.410045549065518*^9, 3.410045719389326*^9}, { 3.4100540108919497`*^9, 3.410054045835762*^9}, {3.410054602100102*^9, 3.4100546024118223`*^9}}, FontSize->10], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Lim", "[", RowBox[{ FractionBox[ RowBox[{"Sin", "[", "x", "]"}], "x"], ",", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "0"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.410045949313998*^9, 3.4100459709473658`*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Example 2", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\nFind the one-sided limits: ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["lim", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", SuperscriptBox["0", "+"]}]], FractionBox["1", RowBox[{"1", "+", SuperscriptBox["\[ExponentialE]", FractionBox["1", "x"]]}]]}], TraditionalForm]]], " and ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ StyleBox[ RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["lim", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", SuperscriptBox["0", "-"]}]], FractionBox["1", RowBox[{"1", "+", SuperscriptBox["\[ExponentialE]", FractionBox["1", "x"]]}]]}], FontSize->12], TraditionalForm]]] }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.410046025700984*^9, 3.4100460446535597`*^9}, { 3.4100540580551863`*^9, 3.410054114351818*^9}, {3.410054151056848*^9, 3.4100541620138063`*^9}, 3.410054604219798*^9}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Lim", "[", RowBox[{ FractionBox["1", RowBox[{"1", "+", SuperscriptBox["\[ExponentialE]", FractionBox["1", "x"]]}]], ",", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "0"}], ",", "Right"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4100460482539263`*^9, 3.410046071664098*^9}, { 3.410046158930112*^9, 3.410046226199288*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Lim", "[", RowBox[{ FractionBox["1", RowBox[{"1", "+", SuperscriptBox["\[ExponentialE]", FractionBox["1", "x"]]}]], ",", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "0"}], ",", "Left"}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.4100460482539263`*^9, 3.4100460858006*^9}, { 3.4100461905696917`*^9, 3.410046222271616*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Note: Since the left and right limits are not equal, the two-sided limit \ does not exist. We confirm this on ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], "." }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.410046123612236*^9, 3.410046148253702*^9}, { 3.410046237499138*^9, 3.410046265522766*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Lim", "[", RowBox[{ FractionBox["1", RowBox[{"1", "+", SuperscriptBox["\[ExponentialE]", FractionBox["1", "x"]]}]], ",", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "0"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{3.410046274967882*^9}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Example 3", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\nFind the limit at infinity: ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ StyleBox[ RowBox[{ SubscriptBox["lim", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "\[Infinity]"}]], FractionBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"8", SuperscriptBox["x", "3"]}], "+", RowBox[{"5", "x"}], "-", "4"}], RowBox[{ RowBox[{"2", SuperscriptBox["x", "3"]}], "-", RowBox[{"6", SuperscriptBox["x", "2"]}], "+", "44"}]]}], FontSize->12], TraditionalForm]]], " ." }], "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.41005368545627*^9, 3.410053701011098*^9}, { 3.410054173282484*^9, 3.410054195056126*^9}, {3.41005466402328*^9, 3.410054677801304*^9}}], Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Lim", "[", RowBox[{ FractionBox[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"8", SuperscriptBox["x", "3"]}], "+", RowBox[{"5", "x"}], "-", "4"}], RowBox[{ RowBox[{"2", SuperscriptBox["x", "3"]}], "-", RowBox[{"6", SuperscriptBox["x", "2"]}], "+", "44"}]], ",", RowBox[{"x", "\[Rule]", "\[Infinity]"}]}], "]"}]], "Input", CellChangeTimes->{{3.410053709505468*^9, 3.410053765163074*^9}}] }, Closed]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Taylor --- Calculates Taylor polynomials", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Plain"]], "Subsubsubsection", CellDingbat->None, ShowGroupOpener->True, CellChangeTimes->{{3.394295963808125*^9, 3.39429597588625*^9}, { 3.394298058058125*^9, 3.39429806344875*^9}, {3.3942981760425*^9, 3.39429818444875*^9}, {3.39432913019875*^9, 3.394329130558125*^9}, { 3.39447274263625*^9, 3.394472743683125*^9}, {3.39620999775*^9, 3.39620999984375*^9}, {3.396210468765625*^9, 3.3962104749375*^9}, { 3.396319021890625*^9, 3.39631903409375*^9}, {3.3963192389375*^9, 3.39631924628125*^9}, {3.401413952330125*^9, 3.401413956877*^9}, 3.401414018392625*^9, {3.401414126627*^9, 3.401414130986375*^9}, { 3.40150117865625*^9, 3.4015012090625*^9}, {3.401501967015625*^9, 3.401502005859375*^9}, {3.4306843335384293`*^9, 3.4306843618485737`*^9}}, FontFamily->"Comic Sans MS", FontWeight->"Plain", FontSlant->"Italic", FontColor->GrayLevel[0], Background->RGBColor[ 0.6901960784313725, 0.8235294117647058, 0.7019607843137254]], Cell[TextData[{ "\[LineSeparator]The Taylor command computes Taylor polynomials of any \ degree. \nThe basic syntax is: ", StyleBox["Taylor[", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["expression", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox[", {", FontWeight->"Bold"], StyleBox["variable,center,degree", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], StyleBox["}]", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\[LineSeparator]For example below we calculate the fourth degree Taylor \ polynomial for ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ SuperscriptBox["e", "x"], TraditionalForm]]], " centered at 0. 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